The lowest level is the power system equipment, such as transformers and circuit breakers. The middle three levels ... and its communication protocol (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, IEC 61850 MMS). Today ...

The position of the power system switches and circuit breakers were monitored by auxiliary relays ... It should be noted, however, that some North American utilities are using DNP3, Modbus and IEC ...

µC/Modbus provides an embedded solution for implementing Modbus, an industrial communications protocol used for connecting industrial electronic devices.

Standard relays and safety relays are two distinct types of devices, each designed for different purposes and serving ...

In this project, we will build a remote-controlled Arduino Air-Boat that can be controlled wirelessly using the 433 MHz RF… ...

An IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks–Port-Based Network Access Control. IEEE 802 LANs are deployed in networks that convey or provide access to critical data, that support mission ...

Arduino is a popular open-source development board used by engineers, hobbyists, and makers to develop electronic projects and prototypes easily.